微波高度计测高的大气订正新算式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈洪滨  吕达仁  刘锦丽 《大气科学》1995,19(3):339-346

为了获得较为精确的微波高度计测量，必须进行大气订正。本文选用雅浦、关岛、广州和上海四站的探空资料，精确地计算了分别由干空气和水汽造成的订正值。在此基础上我们使用回归方法建立了干空气和水汽订正的新算式。将我们的新算式与他人的算式比较分析表明，我们的水汽订正算式是普适的；干空气订正项需考虑地理气候因素；本工作的定量结果比已发表的其他工作结果具有更高的精度。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the tropical nonlinear stationary Kelvin and Rossby waves to the vertical structure of heating     

R. Krishnan  S. V. Kasture 《Journal of Earth System Science》1995,104(4):579-606

Idealized experiments using linear (LM) and nonlinear (NM) multilevel global spectral models have been carried out to investigate and understand the impact of nonlinearities on the stationary wave response in the tropical atmosphere and its sensitivity to the vertical profile of heating. It is found that nonlinearities exert a dominant influence on the low-latitude stationary Kelvin and Rossby waves particularly in the vicinity of the forcing region. Our study shows that nonlinear effects on the upper tropospheric response produce prominent eastward displacement of the anticyclonic vorticity and horizontal shifts of the maximum equilibrium divergence relative to the prescribed heating. These changes due to nonlinear terms are found to be quite sensitive to the vertical structure of diabatic heating. The strongest nonlinear effects are found to occur when the vertical level under consideration is strongly forced from below. Detailed vorticity budget calculations indicate that stronger nonlinear contributions from stretching and horizontal advection of relative vorticity favour the generation of upper tropospheric anticyclonic circulation and its eastward displacement. Larger vertical advection and twisting terms appear to oppose the generation of upper tropospheric anticyclonic vorticity. It is found that the nonlinear terms which affect the vorticity generation in the upper levels are crucially controlled by the vertical profile of heating. The mid-tropospheric response due to deep convective heating in the NM is characterized by anomalous equatorial westerlies in the low-latitude Rossby regime and exhibits prominent ageostrophic motions. Such nonlinear effects appear probably because of a vertical shift of the low level circulation anomalies in the NM. In the case of shallow convective heating the occurrence of anomalous zonal flows and ageostrophic motions in the low latitude regions of the NM takes place near the level of the maximum heating. Our study shows that large heating amplitudes and small vertical gradient of heating at a given vertical level together favour generation of anomalous zonal flows and ageostrophic motions in the near equatorial regions. These anomalous basic flows in the low-latitudes have implications on the propagation of transients from the tropics to midlatitudes. Non-linear effects on the lower tropospheric stationary waves are prominently seen in the case of strong low level heating which produces a large strengthening of the lower tropospheric cyclonic anomalies that exhibit distinct eastward shifts in the NM relative to the LM.  相似文献   

SARAL/AltiKa Wet Tropospheric Correction: In-Flight Calibration,Retrieval Strategies and Performances     

B. Picard  M.-L. Frery  E. Obligis  L. Eymard  N. Steunou  N. Picot 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):277-296

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北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊的地幔熔融控制因素及非岩浆地壳增生   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张涛  高金耀  陈美  杨春国  沈中延  周志远  吴招才  孙运凡 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(6):42-48

Spreading rate is a primary factor of mantle melting and tectonic behavior of the global mid-ocean ridges. The spreading rate of the Gakkel ridge decreases gradually from west to east. However, the Gakkel ridge can be divided into four thick-and-thin zones with varying crustal thicknesses along ridge axis. This phenomenon indicates that mantle melting of the Gakkel ridge is not a simple function of spreading rate. Mantle temperature, water content,mantle composition, and other factors are important in crustal accretion processes. Based on gravity-derived crustal thickness and wet melting model, we estimate that the mantle potential temperatures of the four zones are1 270, 1 220, 1 280, and 1 280°C(assuming that mantle water content equals to global average value), with corresponding mantle water contents of 210, 0, 340, and 280 mg/kg(assuming that mantle potential temperature is 1 260°C), respectivly. The western thinned crust zone is best modeled with low mantle temperature, whereas the other zones are mainly controlled by the enhanced conduction caused by the slower spreading rate. Along the Gakkel ridge, the crustal thickness is consistent with rock samples types. Predominated serpentinized peridotite and basalt are found in the area with crustal thickness 1.5 km and 2.5 km, respectively. The rock samples are including from basalt to peridotite in the area with crustal thickness between 1.5 and 2.5 km. Based on this consistency, the traditional magmatic accretion zone accounted for only 44% and amagmatic accretion accounted for 29% of the Gakkel ridge. The amagmatic accretion is a significant characteristic of the ultra-slow spreading ridge.  相似文献   

GPS监测水汽与水汽辐射计数据的对比研究   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

陈俊平  王解先  陆彩萍 《大地测量与地球动力学》2005,25(3):125-128

针对水汽辐射计观测数据和并址的GPS观测数据,用GAMIT软件求解了台站的天顶总延迟和湿项延迟。运用湿项延迟与水汽含量之间的转换关系,对GPS监测的大气可降水量与水汽辐射计观测的水汽含量进行了对比研究,得出结果：由GAMIT解算出的水汽含量与WVR观测值的差值平均值为0．02mm,均方差为0．02mm,由气象文件求出的水汽含量与WVR观测值的差值平均值为0．03mm,均方差为0．02mm。表明用地面GPS监测大气水汽含量是完全可行的。  相似文献   

我国北方干湿演变规律及其与区域增暖的可能联系   总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45       下载免费PDF全文

马柱国 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1011-1018

用中国地区60个站的月平均气温和月降水资料,计算了我国北方地区地表水分收支、蒸发等水分过程.以此为基础,分析了三北地区（西北、东北和华北）地表水分的历史演变规律及其与气温变化的关系,特别分析了和区域增暖的关系.结果指出：在北方地区,地表水分有其显著的演变规律,不同地区其变化规律不同.而实际蒸发和气温的关系存在明显的阶段性,在1965年前与1965年后的相关关系是完全相反的.分析的结果还指出：当前北方地区的普遍增温是干旱化加剧的主要原因.  相似文献   

中国干旱和半干旱带的10年际演变特征   总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61       下载免费PDF全文

马柱国  符淙斌 《地球物理学报》2005,48(3):519-525

利用Thornthwaite的干湿分类函数,对近100年中国干旱和半干旱区界限的10年际变动特征进行了分析.结果发现：近50年,在东北中部和华北北部,干旱和半干旱边界呈波动式东移,有明显向东扩展的趋势;在华北南部和陕西南部,半干旱边界也呈波动式南扩,其中陕西南部半干旱边界向南扩展的范围最大.近100年,10年际的干旱和半干旱边界也呈波动式摆动且存在向东和向南扩展的趋势,但在华北南部与东北中部两个地区以20世纪20年代前后干旱和半干旱的范围最大、最强.干旱和半干旱分界线的位置变化与区域升温和降水减少密切相关.  相似文献   

一次深对流过程对不同溶解度大气化学气体成分垂直再分布作用的模拟          下载免费PDF全文

银燕  曹海宁  况祥  张昕 《大气科学学报》2020,43(3):425-434

结合MEIC大气污染物排放源清单,利用耦合了大气化学模式的中尺度气象数值模式WRF-Chem,对2016年5月6日广东地区一次深对流天气过程及其大气化学气体成分变化进行模拟,着重研究深对流系统对大气化学气体成分再分布的影响。结果表明:数值模拟较真实地再现了这次深对流天气过程中大气污染物的时空分布特征。通过计算,评估了这次对流降水对不同溶解度的大气污染气体的湿清除效率,发现湿清除过程对低溶解度大气污染气体CO、NO_2和O_3的湿清除效率几乎可以忽略不计,而对SO_2、H_2O_2和HNO_3的湿清除效率则分别达到50.8%、98.6%和38.2%。随着溶解度的增大,清除效率并不一定增大,这是因为大气物理和化学过程共同影响着气体污染物的清除效率。  相似文献   

湖南冬季两次暴雪过程的对比诊断分析          下载免费PDF全文

邓新林  付炜  谢倩雯  黄梦妮  石世玮  张靖 《中低纬山地气象》2024,48(1):70-79

利用常规地面和高空观测资料及欧洲中心ERA-5再分析数据,对2021年12月25—27日（21·12）、2022年2月21—23日（22·02）发生在湖南的两次暴雪过程进行诊断分析。两次暴雪过程有强度大、影响范围广,暴雪落区较为重合的特点。两次暴雪过程也表现出明显差异,21·12过程的累计降雪量小于22·02过程,但21·12以干雪为主,22·02以湿雪为主。分析差异的成因发现：（1）22·02过程水汽辐合强度强、延伸高度高、厚度厚,动力条件由南支槽和低涡提供;21·12过程水汽条件相对弱,动力条件由冷锋强迫抬升提供。（2）21·12过程冷空气从低层南下,云中冰相粒子比例大,温度层结满足干雪条件;22·02过程中层气温下降,云中冰相粒子与水相粒子共存,地面气温在0℃以上,故以湿雪为主。  相似文献   

淮北平原浅层地下水埋深区域分布特点     

王发信  柏菊 《地下水》2014,(5):51-53

利用淮北平原180个浅层地下水观测点实测埋深资料,在绘制区域多年平均地下水埋深、枯水年、丰水年地下水埋深等值线图的基础上,分析各年型浅层地下水埋深分布特点,同时对大埋深站点分布情况进行专项分析。得出淮北平原浅层地下水多年平均为2.48 m,且西北深、东南浅的分布结论,可为合理高效开发利用淮北平原浅层地下水提供一定参考。  相似文献